CBSE Class 10 | Mathematics | Some important tips for the board exam preparation

1. Ensure that you have solved each and every question both – exercise questions and the solved examples from NCERT.
2. Ensure that you have memorised all the required formulae. 
3. Ensure that you are thorough with the proofs of the geometry theorems. 
4. Ensure that you remember the values of trigonometric ratios (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). 
5. Check the previous year questions should be solved. It gives you a better idea about the kinds of questions asked in the exam.

A detailed list of chapters and formulae:

• Polynomials – 
• Relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients 
• Quadratic equations – 
• Formula for finding the roots
• Arithmetic progression – 
• Finding the nth term an 
• Sum of the first nth terms Sn
• Co-ordinate geometry – 
• Distance formula
• Section formula
• Mid-point formula
• Introduction to trigonometry – 
• Trigonometric identities 
• Areas related to circles – 
• Area of a sector
• Length of an arc
• Surface areas and volume – 
• TSA/LSA of cube, cuboid
• TSA/CSA of cylinder, cone
• TSA/CSA of sphere, hemisphere
• Statistics – 
• Finding mean – Direct method, Assumed mean method, Step deviation method
• Finding median
• Finding mode 
• Empirical formula relationship among mean, mode and median
• Probability – 
• Probability of the given event
• Sum of the probability of the given event and the probability of its complementary event

A detailed list of chapters and theorems:

• Triangles –
• Basic proportionality theorem
• Circles –
• Tangent – radius theorem
• Lengths of the tangents drawn from an external point
• Trigonometry –
• cos² A + sin² A = 1

CBSE Class 10 - Science - Life processes - Heterotrophic Nutrition - Topic-wise Notes

Overview of Heterotrophic Nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition varies among organisms based on their specific adaptations to the environment. The method of obtaining nutrition is primarily determined by:

• Type of food material
• Availability of food
• Method of acquisition (how the organism accesses food)

Factors Influencing Nutritive Apparatus

The digestive system or "nutritive apparatus" of an organism evolves based on the nature of its food source.

Food Source Nature	Example	Organism	Implication
Stationary	Grass	Cow	Requires specific apparatus to access/digest stationary plants.
Mobile	Deer	Lion	Requires different apparatus for hunting and consuming moving prey.

Strategies of Food Intake and Digestion

Organisms utilize different strategies to break down and absorb nutrients:

1.  External Digestion (Saprophytic Nutrition)

• Mechanism: The organism breaks down food material outside the body and then absorbs the nutrients.
• Examples: Fungi such as:
• Bread moulds
• Yeast
• Mushrooms

2. Internal Digestion (Holozoic Nutrition)

• Mechanism: The organism takes in (ingests) whole material and breaks it down inside the body.
• Dependencies: The specific type of food taken in depends on the organism's body design and functioning.

3. Parasitic Nutrition

• Mechanism: The organism derives nutrition from other plants or animals (hosts) without killing them.
• Examples:
• Plants: Cuscuta (Amar-bel)
• Insects/Arachnids: Ticks, Lice
• Worms: Leeches, Tape-worms

MCQs: Overview of Heterotrophic Nutrition

1. Heterotrophic nutrition mainly depends on

• A. Size of the organism
• B. Type, availability, and method of acquiring food
• C. Habitat only
• D. Presence of chlorophyll

2. The nutritive apparatus of an organism is influenced by

• A. Climate
• B. Nature of the food source
• C. Age of the organism
• D. Population size

3. A lion has a different digestive and feeding apparatus than a cow because

• A. Lion lives in forests
• B. Cow is domesticated
• C. Lion feeds on mobile prey while cow feeds on stationary plants
• D. Cow eats more food

4. Nutrition in mushroom is characterised by

• A. Internal digestion
• B. External digestion followed by absorption
• C. Feeding on living host
• D. Ingestion of whole food

5. Nutrition in amoeba involves

• A. Absorption of dissolved food
• B. External digestion
• C. Ingestion and internal digestion of food
• D. Feeding without killing host

6. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

• A. Saprophytic nutrition — Lion
• B. Parasitic nutrition — Mushroom
• C. Parasitic nutrition — Cuscuta
• D. Holozoic nutrition — Yeast

CBSE Class 10 - Science - Differentiate between Pollination and Fertilisation

 

Frequently asked questions:

Differentiate between Pollination and Fertilisation

Differentiate between Pollination and Fertilisation
Pollination	Fertilisation
It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.	It is the fusion of male and female gametes.
It's a physical process.	It's a biological process.
It occurs on the stigma of a flower.	It occurs inside the ovule.
It takes place before fertilisation.	It takes place after pollination.
No zygote is formed.	Zygote is formed after the fertilisation.
It may need external agents like wind, water, insects, animals, etc.	No external agents required.

CBSE Class 10 - Science - Electricity - Important Definitions

 Important definitions:

• One ampere: One ampere is the current constituted by the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.
• One volt: One volt is the potential difference between two points in a current carrying conductor when 1 joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to the other.
• One ohm: If the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor is 1 V and the current through it is 1 A, then the resistance R, of the conductor is 1 Ω.
• One watt: One watt is the power consumed by a device that carries 1 A of current when operated at a potential difference of 1 V.
• One unit of electric energy: One unit of electric energy is the energy consumed when 1 kilowatt of power is used for 1 hour.

CBSE Class 10 - Science - Differentiate between Saturated Hydrocarbons and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Frequently asked questions:

Differentiate between Saturated Hydrocarbons and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 

CBSE Class 10 - Electricity - Important formulae

 
 Important information/formulae

Sr. No.	Description	Formula	More information
1	Relationship between current and charge	𝑰=	Where, I – current Q – charge t – time
2	Relationship between potential difference, work done and charge	𝑽=	Where, V – potential difference W – work done Q – charge
3	Ohm’s law	V = IR	Where, V – potential difference I – current R – Resistance
4	Resistance	𝑹 =	Where, R – resistance of a wire l – length of the wire A – cross-section area of the wire ρ – resistivity of the conducting material of the wire
5	Electric power	P = VI Or P = I2R Or P =	Where, P – electric power V – potential difference I – current R – resistance of the conductor
6	Joule’s law of heating	H = I2Rt	Where, H – heat energy I – current R – resistance t – time
7	System of 3 resistors connected in series	Rs = R1 + R2 + R3	Where, Rs - Effective resistance of the series combination of three resistors R1, R2 and R3
8	System of 3 resistors connected in parallel	=  +  +	Where, Rp – Effective resistance of the parallel combination of the three resistors R1, R2 and R3

CBSE Class 10 - Electricity - Important Information

Important information/formulae 

Sr. No.	Physical quantity	SI Unit
1	Electric charge	C (coulomb)
2	Electric current	A (ampere)
3	Potential difference	V (volt)
4	Resistance	Ω (ohm)
5	Heat energy	J (joule)
6	Electric power	W (watt)

Sr. No.	SI unit
1	1 ampere	1 A = 1 C/1 s
2	1 volt	1 V = 1 J/1 C
3	1 ohm	1 Ω = 1 V/1 A
4	1 watt	1 W = 1 V x 1 A

Sr. No.	Quantity	Value
1	Charge on 1 electron	1.6 x 10-19 C
2	1 mA	1 x 10-3 A
3	1 μA	1 x 10-6 A
4	1 unit electrical energy	1 kWh 3.6 x 106 J
5	1 kW	1 x 103 W